人文英語4(unit1-5)

人文英語4 English for the Humanities 4 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 ConTenTs Unit 4 Unit5 Unit6 Unit 7 Unit 8 British Culture City and Country Life Educational Fairness Quality of Education Effective Communication Social Work Legal Complaint Pleading not Guilty British Culture Talk about British culture 談?wù)撚幕? Express emphasis 表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào) Learning Objectives Write a comment 寫評(píng)論 Give explanations 給予解釋 Getting Started Match the places / people with the pictures below. Please make some comments on the places / people. You may search for more detailed information on the Internet A. William Shakespeare B. Tower Bridge C. Big Ben D. The Beatles E. The London Eye F. Winston Churchill 1 1M.M1MMM Culture Note 「I …」…:…… Big Ben （大本鐘） Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and often extended to refer to the clock and the clock tower. The tower is officially known as Elizabeth Tower, renamed to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. The tower holds the second largest four-faced chiming clock in the world. The tower was completed in 1858 and has become one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and is often in the establishing shot of films set in London. Tower Bridge （塔橋） Tower Bridge （built 1886 —1894） is a combined bascule and suspension bridge （開合橋和吊橋）in London. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways. The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, whereas the bridges twin towers, high- level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made. Culture Note William Shakespeare （威廉,莎士比亞） William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds preeminent （卓越的，超群的）dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet, and the “Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Listening and Speaking—Tasks Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions. A What question does Liu Hui ask Gordon about watching TV? > What benefit can people enjoy when they reach the age of 75 in terms of TV license? > What is the main source of income for BBC? Listening and Speaking—Task 3 Listening and Speaking—Task 3 Language Notes 【句子】You need to be covered by a TV license if you watch or record programs as theyre being shown on TV or live on an online TV service. 【譯文】如果你觀看或錄制電視播放或在線實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的節(jié) 目，你就需要持有電視收視許可證。 【難點(diǎn)】license許可證，執(zhí)照。例如：business license營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照，drivers license駕駛執(zhí)照；美語中，license也可以作動(dòng)詞，意為“授權(quán)，發(fā)許可證”。 例如：The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US.這種新藥在美國還沒有 被許可。online在線的，在網(wǎng)上。例如：online shopping網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物，online game網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，online banking網(wǎng)上銀行。 Language Notes 【句子】Including watching TV on computers and mobile phones? 【譯文】包括在電腦上和手機(jī)上看電視嗎？ 【難點(diǎn)】mobile移動(dòng)式的。例如：mobile phone移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī)；mobile communication 移動(dòng)通信。 【句子】We do for the live cable TV programs. 【譯文】我們的直播有線電視節(jié)目需要電視收視許可證。 【難點(diǎn)】這里的do指上句話中的need,意為“需要”。單詞live此處是形容詞，意為 “直播的" o cable 電纜。例如:They run commercials on cable systems across the country.他們?cè)诒椴既珖挠芯€電視網(wǎng)做廣告。 Check It Out 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I do hate the awful symbols on the walls definitely.我絕對(duì)討厭墻上那些討厭的符號(hào)。 ?英語中表示“強(qiáng)調(diào)”的方式有很多種，常見的方法如下： L用助詞do表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does catch a cold. Do be quiet. I told you I had a headache. 2.用形容詞very, single等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： The Red Army fought a battle on this very spot. Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. very , only 命—aven， so篇 Listening and Speaking—Task 4 JCheck It Out :: ，尸 He drank it to the very last drop. Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops. 4. ... and that, ... and those,…not too much,"否定加否定”等結(jié)構(gòu)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如: They fulfilled the task, and that in a few days. 5,用反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： I myself will see her off at the station. 6,用短語 in every way, in no way, by all means, by no means, only too, all too, but too, in heaven, in the world, in hell, on earth 等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。例如： His behavior is in every way perfect. FALSE (F). Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T)or some plans this afternoon? 2. Zhang Hua asks Molly to walk around with him. 3. Zhang Hua wants to see the typical British phone booths or the red buses. Molly doesnt think graffiti is part of London s street culture. ( ) 4. It is through the movie, Sherlock, that Zhang Hua becomes interested in graffiti Listening and Speaking—Task 4 Language Notes 【句子】Would you like to walk around with me? 【譯文】您愿意和我一起四處走走嗎？ 【難點(diǎn)】walk around 四處走走。例如：lt5s important to take mini-breaks during your work day. Stop what youre doing, massage your shoulders, neck, head, hands and arms, get up and stretch, walk around and drink some water1.忙 碌的一天中抽出時(shí)間歇一會(huì)兒是很重要的。停下手中的事，揉揉肩膀、脖子、 頭、手和手臂，站起來伸個(gè)懶腰，四處走動(dòng)走動(dòng)，喝點(diǎn)兒水。 【句子】You can pose for pictures with these magnificent places in the background. 1文】你if以以這些壯觀的地方作背景留影。 rjCheck It Out It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that…句型 ? It is / was +彼強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that...句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面, 其他部分置于that之后被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如 果是人，that也可以由who替代。It is...或It was...分別表示現(xiàn)在（將來） 或過去。例如: It was they that （who） cleaned the classroom yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語） It is me that he is going to blame.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語） It was on Monday night that all this happened.（強(qiáng)調(diào)斗犬語） Useful Expressions Talk about British culture ? Id like to see more of Londons streets. ? I also want to see something special. ? The typical British phone booths or the red buses? Express emphasis ? I do hate the awful symbols on the walls definitely. ? Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon. ? He drank it to the very last drop.  Give explanations ? You need to be covered by a TV license... ? It costs the same for all applicants under 75. ? There is no advertising on the BBC channels. Reading and Writing Task s Read the passage and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1. There are no free services over 480 channels for people to choose from in the UK. 2. People in the UK cant watch digital content on the Internet. 3. The Labor and Liberal Parties agreed with the bill introduced by the Conservative Government in 1953. 4. The BBC and Independent Television often put out different types of programs at the same time. 5. The license fee for color is almost the same as that for black and white. Reading and Writing——Tasks Fill in the blanks with the words and expressions from the passage to outline the development of British TV. Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as a public service 1 In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to 2 commercial television. This was opposed very strongly by the 3 Parties, but the bill was passed and commercial television flourishes. Now there is a collection of 4 services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as 5 . In the United Kingdom and 6 , any household watching or recording live television transmissions as they are being broadcast (terrestrial, satellite, cable, or Internet) is required to hold a 7 . Since April 1, 2010 the 8 has been 145.50 for color and 49.00 for9 . On October 24. 2()12. 磯、vjsiQxbrQadcasfS in thg I Jn jted Kingdom were 10 . Language Notes 【句子］Now there is a collection of free and subscription services over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 480 channels for consumers as well as on-demand content. 【譯文】現(xiàn)在，各種傳播媒體可為消費(fèi)者提供480多個(gè)頻道及點(diǎn)播內(nèi)容，其中既有免費(fèi)服務(wù)也有付費(fèi)服務(wù)口 【難點(diǎn)】subscription訂購，訂閱。例如：subscription library收費(fèi)圖書館,subscription channel付費(fèi)頻道。 on-demand 按需的。 例如： The need for business integration in the on demand era has never been so compelling.進(jìn)入隨需應(yīng)變的時(shí)代以來，我們對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)整合的需求從未如此強(qiáng)烈。 【句子】 On October 24, 2012, all television broadcasts in the United Kingdom were in a digital format, 【譯文】2012年10月24日，英國所有的電視廣播都采用數(shù)碼格式。 【難點(diǎn)】format 格式。例如：We will discuss the advantages of one format over the other,我們將討論這兩 種格式各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 Reading and Writing——Tasks Language Notes 【句子】 In 1953 the Conservative Government introduced a bill to make arrangements for commercial television. 【譯文】1953年，保守黨政府提出了一項(xiàng)議案，安排設(shè)立商業(yè)電視。 【難點(diǎn)】conservative 保守的。 例如： People tend to be more liberal when theyre young and more conservative as they get older.人們年輕時(shí)往往更開放，年紀(jì)越大就越保守。bill議案。 例如： This is the toughest crime bill that the Congress has passed in a decade.這是十年來國會(huì) 通過的最強(qiáng)硬的犯罪議案。make arrangements for安排某事。例如：rm going to make arrangements for your business trip,我去給你安排出差事宜。commercial商業(yè)的。例如： Baltimore in its heyday was a major center of industrial and commercial activity,巴爾的摩在其鼎 盛時(shí)期曾是工商業(yè)活動(dòng)的重要中心。 Reading and Writing——Tasks Language Notes 【句子】Thus, the license fee made up the bulk of the BBCs total income of 5.102 billion in 2012-2013. 【譯文】因此，收視許可證費(fèi)占到了 BBC2012~2013年51.02億英鎊總收入的大部分。 【難點(diǎn)】make up組成，構(gòu)成。例如：The Chinese make up the largest single ethnic group in the citys public classrooms.華人在該市公立學(xué)校中構(gòu)成最大的一個(gè)族群。 bulk 大部分，大多數(shù)。例如：The bulk of the text is essentially a review of these original documents.正文的大部分基本上是對(duì)這些原始文獻(xiàn)的回顧。 Reading and Writing——Task 6 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit 2. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britains cities. 3. The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. 4. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard. 5. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon ——a slightly healthier| alternative to sitting and watching footbalL Reading and Writing——Task 6 Language Notes 【句子】 Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. 【譯文】2007~2012年，英國交通警察局記錄的涂鴉事件下降了63%。 【難點(diǎn)】incident 事件。例如： These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the two nations.這些事件是兩國一系列爭(zhēng)端中最近的幾起。 【句子】If you are having an argument with your child, you need to make sure you both take the time to really listen. 【譯文】如果你和孩子之間發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，你應(yīng)該確保你們彼此花時(shí)間互相傾聽對(duì)方。 【難點(diǎn)】have an argument with 發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵。例如：Tom had an argument with his boss during the meeting this morning,湯姆今天上午在開會(huì)的時(shí)候和他的老板發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。take the time to do…花 費(fèi)時(shí)間去做某事。其中take表示“耗費(fèi)(時(shí)間)”，經(jīng)常用于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中：It takes sb. (sometime) to do sth.某人花時(shí)間做某事。例如:It takes me a long time to understand the theme of the novel.我花了 相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才理解了那部小說的主題。 Reading and Writing——Task 6 Language Notes 【句 子】Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls. 【譯文】涂鴉越來越被限制在被批準(zhǔn)的墻上。 【難點(diǎn)】confine 限制 例如： They decided not to let their new dog run loose, confining it to a 白天就把它關(guān)在有圍欄的圍 fenced enclosure during the day.他們決定不讓他們新買的狗亂跑, 圈里口 sanction 升匕準(zhǔn), 認(rèn)可。例如：The church would not sanction his second marriage.教會(huì)不 會(huì)認(rèn)可他的第二次婚姻。 【句子】In time the practice may die out entirely. 【譯文】最終涂鴉也許會(huì)完全消失。 【難點(diǎn)】in time最終，遲早。例如：If you ku即on, you will succeed in time.如果堅(jiān)持下去，你 總有一天會(huì)成功。die out 消失，滅絕。例如：Campus life will lose its variety and vigor if marginalized clubs die out?如果一些邊緣社團(tuán)消失了，校園生活也就會(huì)失去算多樣性和活力。 Workplace Tip Corporate Culture （企業(yè)文化） Corporate culture is the general values, beliefs and attitudes that characterize a company and guide its practices. To some extent, a companys internal culture may be expressed in its mission state mentor vision statement. Elements of corporate culture include a companys physical environment, human resources practices and the staff itself. Corporate culture is also reflected in the degree of emphasis placed on various defining elements such as hierarchy （層級(jí)），process, innovation, collaboration, petition, community involvement and social engagement. Reading and Writing——Task7 Ask your classmates, colleagues or friends the following questions and write down his / her answers. > How many people are there in your fa > Do your family members often watch TV? A How many hours do they spend watching TV every day on average? > What kind of TV programs do your family members like to watch? > Do your family members often watch TV .5? riKi Learning Objectives Express strong feelings 表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈情感 Give and respond to news Write a memo 寫備忘錄 談?wù)撟钚孪? Talk about urban and rural life 談?wù)摮青l(xiāng)生活 Getting Started What are the people in the following pictures doing? What kinds of sports do you like best? Match the pictures with the sports in the box. / X Football table tennis fishing cycling board games hiking camping snooker skating bowling card games Listening and Speaking—Tasks Listen to the dialog and answer the following questions. >Where does Zhang Hua live these days? >What has made Zhang Hua move to the country? >What does Zhang Hua plan to do in the future? Language Notes 【句子】Ive just gotten fed up with the tension of city life. 【譯文】我已經(jīng)厭倦了緊張的城市生活。 【難點(diǎn)】be/getfed up with sth.意思是“受夠了，厭倦了"。例如：He is fed up with the noise and closes the door. 他受夠了那噪聲，關(guān)上了門 【句子】I no longer have to breathe in exhaust fumes. 【譯文】我再也不用吸入那些廢氣了。 【難點(diǎn)】no longer / no more 表示 “不再“， 與 not…any longer / more 意思 樣。例如：He no longe門ives here.他不再住在這里了。也可以說：He esn t live here any longer. Check It Out (not) as-as 的用法 There arent as many job vacancies in the country as in the city.鄉(xiāng)下的空缺職位不如城里多。 , not as / so + adj. / adv,+as的意思是“不如，不像“ 例如： This dictionary is not as / so useful as you think. ?其肯定式為as…as,意為“和……一樣”，表示同級(jí)的比較。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj. / adv. +aso 例如： This film is as interesting as that one. ?另外還有一些常見的as…as…句型，但是不表示比較。例如: Please answer my question as soon as possible. Listening and Speaking—Task 4 Listen to the dialog and decide whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). 1. The newspaper says we should sort trash. 2. Many communities have not already done that. 3. Trash is trash not only when everything is mixed together.() 4. It is high time for us to sort out the trash. 5. People should be informed about how to do that in the first place. () Listening and Speaking—Task 4 Language Notes 【句子】 With trash separated, pollution caused by incineration can be avoided. 【譯文】如果垃圾被分類，那么焚燒帶來的污染就可以避免。 【難點(diǎn)】句中介詞with后跟名詞短語，表示條件。例如：With your permission, sir,「d like to speak.先生，若您允許，我想發(fā)言。 【句子】 Otherwise, few people would bother to do it. 【譯文】否則，很少有人會(huì)費(fèi)力這樣做。 點(diǎn)】bother tod。sth .意為“費(fèi)力做某事，不嫌麻煩做某事”，常用于 Check It Out It is (high) time…的用法 It is high time for us to sort out the trash.現(xiàn)在正是該將垃圾分類的時(shí)候了。 ?It is (high) time…意思是“現(xiàn)在正是該……的時(shí)候了”，后面可以跟不定式。例如: It is high time for the students to devote more energy to learning technology. It is high time for us to make changes in the digital age. ?當(dāng)It is (high) time...后面加that從句的時(shí)候,要用虛擬語氣，即從句中要用過去時(shí) 或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。例如： It is (high) time that we went to bed. It is (high) time that we should tell him the truth. Culture Note Pcrad Bmr Orl/NE Air iritat Incinerator Incineration （垃圾焚燒） Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion （燃燒）of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration of waste materials converts （轉(zhuǎn)化）the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. Incinerators reduce the solid mass （質(zhì) 量）of the original waste by 80%—85% and the volume （體積） （already compressed somewhat in garbage trucks） by 95%—96%, Incineration should also include a materials separation to remove hazardous （危險(xiǎn)的）,bulky or recyclable materials before combustion. fi) Useful Expressions Talk about urban and rural life Express strong feelings ? That would be great! ? Ive gotten fed up with the tension of city life ? I always hate it when people mix all the trash together. ? I like living in the country — life is simple, quiet and energetic. , It means quietness, privacy, harmony and peace for me. ? Living in the country requires an active lifestyle.. - 6 Give and respond to , Thats wonderful /fantastic! , Im glad to hearthat! ? What fantastic / good / brilliant / great / wonderful / splendid news! Reading and Writing——Task 6 Culture Note Public Library （公共圖書館） A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public. They are generally supported by taxes （usually local, though any level of government can and may contribute）. They provide basic services without charge and are open to all and every community member can access the collection. Public libraries exist in many countries across the world and are often considered as an essential part of having an educated and literate （有讀寫能力的）population. Read the passage and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). 1. The author has lived in the countryside for more than a decade, and he / she loves living there. 2. Living in the country is not interesting at all. 3. The author takes a walk or drives along country roads almost every day. 4. People living in the country usually go shopping every Saturday. 5. According to the author, nobody dislikes countryside life. Reading and Writing——Tasks Language Notes 【句子】 It may be just a get-together on a Saturday at the local farmers market… 【譯文】它或許僅僅是周六當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)里的一次小聚…… 【難點(diǎn)】句中的get-together此處被用作名詞,意思是“聚會(huì)”。類似的如break-through,動(dòng)詞和名 詞均為“突破”之意。。 【句子】This routine will establish a sense of structure and increase feelings of control and safety. 【譯文】這種慣例會(huì)形成一種按部就班的感覺，并增加控制感和安全感。 【難點(diǎn)】asenseof表示"一種感覺"。例如：a sense of trust信任感;a sense of hums「幽默感。 feelingof表示" 的感覺”。例如：A feeling of shame came over her.她突然感至U一陣羞愧。 Reading and Writing——Task 6 2. 3. 4. Translate the English sentences into Chinese 1. I usually have no problem filling the two bags I bring with me. Its not art in the state I find it. Through creativity and trial-and-error, it becomes art. The process I go through from the raw materials to a finished piece is not complex at all. I typically do this for a few days or a week before something ,dicks” and I have an idea about what I want to create. Language Notes 【句子】I typically do this for a few days or a week before something “clicks" and I have an idea about what I want to create. 【譯文】這件事我通常會(huì)做上幾天或一周的時(shí)間，直到突然茅塞頓開，我會(huì)弄明白我的創(chuàng)意所在。 【難點(diǎn)】click指“使發(fā)出咔噠聲”，也指“點(diǎn)擊（鼠標(biāo)）”，此處意為“突然明白或理解”。例 幾小時(shí)后，終于茅塞 如:I puzzled over it for hours before it finally clicked,我對(duì)這一問題茫然不解, 頓開。 【句子】Overall, I couldnt be happier. 【譯文】總之，沒有比這更令我高興的了。這里是通過否定比較級(jí)來表示最高級(jí)的含義。 【難點(diǎn)】最常見的例子如：I can7t agree more!我太同意了！ Language Notes 的問題等。例如：Of 【句子】 After that, it is only a matter of realizing my vision. 【譯文】然后，就只剩下去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的想法的事情了。 【難點(diǎn)】a matt6rof后加名詞，常表示關(guān)乎 course this must have priority. ltJs a matter of life and death.當(dāng)然，這一點(diǎn)必須要優(yōu)先考慮,這是生死攸 關(guān)的問題。 Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance.商業(yè)成功的 關(guān)鍵在于把握時(shí)機(jī)。 The Human Resource Manager Bruce asks you to prepare a memo for him briefing all staff about the coming invited speech to be delivered by Dr. Jerry Anderson. have been given the following information: The time and the date: 14:00—16:00, April 11 The venue: Function Room on Level 3 The invited speaker: Dr. Jerry Anderson The content: sorting trash scientifically The participants: all staff Workplace Tip Business Memos （商務(wù)備忘錄） Unlike letters, the external communications of a company, business memos ar